Buildroot build imags

使用buildroot构建社区系统

源码仓库地址 https://github.com/DongshanPI/buildroot-external-dongshanpione

构建步骤

 git clone https://github.com/DongshanPI/buildroot-external-dongshanpione
 cd buildroot-external-dongshanpione
 make

编译完成后，输出的文件存放在构建目录下的 outputs 目录内,文件如下。

book@virtual-machine:~/DongshanPiOne/buildroot-external-dongshanpione/outputs$ ls -lh
total 25M
-rw-r--r-- 1 book book  44K Apr  1 03:20 dongshanpione-ipl
-rw-r--r-- 1 book book 3.4M Apr  1 03:20 dongshanpione-kernel.fit
-rw-r--r-- 1 book book 4.4M Apr  1 03:20 dongshanpione-kernel-rescue.fit
-rw-r--r-- 1 book book 3.5M Apr  1 03:20 dongshanpione-rootfs.squashfs
-rw-rw-r-- 1 book book  13M Apr  1 03:20 dongshanpione-ubi.img
-rw-r--r-- 1 book book 465K Apr  1 03:20 dongshanpione-u-boot.img
-rw-rw-r-- 1 book book 2.0K Apr  1 03:20 GCIS.bin
-rw-rw-r-- 1 book book  22K Apr  1 03:20 IPL.bin

接下来进行烧写操作。

运行救援系统

1.烧写u-boot-2022

使用开源烧写工具先烧写第一阶段引导程序。
开源社区工具更详细的说明请看；，下载安装方式也在此页面。
社区版烧写工具连线介绍 https://item.taobao.com/item.htm?id=665728385852
将烧写工具连接好烧录线后，将烧录器和开发板烧写接口连接好，拨码开关切换为烧写模式(拨码开发白色拨码切换到非NO方向)。

之后我们按下主板上Reset键，同时执行如下烧写命令，其中第一句话sudo SNANDer -p mstarddc -c /dev/i2c-0:49 -e是整个擦除 flash 命令，建议执行。注意:烧写操作是在ubuntu-18烧写，需要将烧写工具挂载到ubuntu系统内，挂载成功后系统会自动装在驱动模块，此时设备管理器会多出一个/dev/i2c-0的设备节点，其中烧写命令中 -l参数指定的是烧写文件的长度(大小)，如果你修改了源码大小，请确认大小是否正确。

在烧写操作之前，请确保你已经进入需要烧写镜像目录内。

注意：烧写之前或烧写时请不要打开串口工具，否则会导致烧写失败。 * 如下为详细的烧写命令，需要依次执行。
sudo SNANDer -p mstarddc -c /dev/i2c-0:49 -e
sudo SNANDer -p mstarddc -c /dev/i2c-0:49 -w GCIS.bin
sudo SNANDer -p mstarddc -c /dev/i2c-0:49 -a 0x140000 -l 0x6000 -w IPL.bin
sudo SNANDer -p mstarddc -c /dev/i2c-0:49 -a 0x200000  -l 0xB000 -w  dongshanpione-ipl
烧写完成第一部分后，请先拔下烧录器，使用镊子调整拨码开关至 ONKE字母一侧，之后使用 Mobaxterm工具，打开串口终端，打开终端后，按下 reset复位按钮，即可看到如下图所示的log启动信息。

IPL g76cd9eb
D-1e
HW Reset
miupll_233MHz
MIU0 zq=0x003b
miu_bw_set
utmi_1_init done
utmi_2_init done
utmi_3_init done
usbpll init done......
cpupll init done
SPI 54M
clk_init done
P1 USB_rterm trim=0x0000
P1 USB_HS_TX_CURRENT trim=0x0000
P2 USB_rterm trim=0x0000
P2 USB_HS_TX_CURRENT trim=0x0001
P3 USB_rterm trim=0x0000
P3 USB_HS_TX_CURRENT trim=0x0001
PM_vol_bgap trim=0x0002
GCR_SAR_DATA trim=0x0193
ETH 10T output swing trim=0x0010
ETH 100T output swing trim=0x0010
ETH RX input impedance trim=0x0000
ETH TX output impedance trim=0x0001
MIPI_HS_RTERM trim=0x0001
MIPI_LP_RTERM trim=0x0000
128MB
BIST0_0001-OK
Enable MMU and CACHE
Load IPL_CUST from SPINAND
QUAD MODE ENABLE
unable to find IDX for part type:0001
[I]m7
Checksum OK

cpuid: 410fc075, mstar chipid: f0
IPL image is broken
normal power on
wrote 1f206540 <- 4bc7 was 4bc7, readback 4bc7
wrote 1f206544 <- 0037 was 0037, readback 0037
wrote 1f206548 <- b3d5 was 0000, readback b3d5
wrote 1f20654c <- 0043 was 0000, readback 0043
wrote 1f206560 <- 0001 was 0000, readback 0001
wrote 1f206554 <- 0006 was 0006, readback 0006
wrote 1f20655c <- 0008 was 0008, readback 0008
wrote 1f206564 <- 1000 was 0000, readback 1000
wrote 1f206550 <- 0000 was 0000, readback 0000
wrote 1f206550 <- 0001 was 0000, readback 0001
wrote 1f20442c <- 0001 was 0000, readback 0001
wrote 1f203ddc <- 0004 was 0000, readback 0004
wrote 1f203dd4 <- 4004 was 0000, readback 4004
wrote 1f203dd8 <- 0001 was 0000, readback 0001
wrote 1f203dc0 <- 0000 was 0000, readback 0000
wrote 1f203dc0 <- 8000 was 0000, readback 8000
delaying for 100
readback: 4278
mplldbg 2
mpll: 0 - 0
mpll: 4 - 0
mpll: 8 - 0
mpll: c - 0
mpll: 10 - 0
Trying to boot from SPI NAND(UBI)
set speed: 100000
set mode: 0
UBI: Bad magic in block 0490 00000000
UBI: Bad magic in block 0491 00000000
UBI: Bad magic in block 0493 00000000
UBI: Bad magic in block 0746 00000000
UBI: Bad magic in block 01001 00000000
UBI: Loading VolId #0
UBI warning: LEB 0 of 1 is missing
UBI warning: Failed to load volume 0
UBI: Bad magic in block 0490 00000000
UBI: Bad magic in block 0491 00000000
UBI: Bad magic in block 0493 00000000
UBI: Bad magic in block 0746 00000000
UBI: Bad magic in block 01001 00000000
UBI: Loading VolId #0
UBI warning: LEB 0 of 1 is missing
UBI warning: Failed to load volume 0
UBI warning: Failed
Trying to boot from UART
CC

之后我们根据提示信息使用串口发送协议 Z-modem 或者 Y-modem 将，u-boot.img 也就是第二部分dongshanpione-u-boot.img发送到给东山PI壹号的 IPL 程序，用于加载并启动进入u-boot命令行。

我们已 Mobaxterm为例，在系统启动打印 C字符串的时候，就可以参考下属操作在当前串口终端，右键弹出菜单选项，移动到**Send file using Z-modem** 项，之后再弹出的对话框中选择要发送的 dongshanpione-u-boot.img 镜像文件，等待发送完成即可，如下图所示。

CCCSending: dongshanpione-u-boot.img

预计等待1 分钟左右。传输完成后，会提示 **Transfer complete**表示完成，然后会自动启动 U-Boot镜像了。

Transfer complete
Loaded 475852 bytes


U-Boot 2022.04-rc2 (Mar 08 2022 - 22:03:20 +0000)

DRAM:  128 MiB
wrote 1f206540 <- 4bc7 was 4bc7, readback 4bc7
wrote 1f206544 <- 0037 was 0037, readback 0037
wrote 1f206548 <- b3d5 was b3d5, readback b3d5
wrote 1f20654c <- 0043 was 0043, readback 0043
wrote 1f206560 <- 0001 was 0001, readback 0001
wrote 1f206554 <- 0006 was 0006, readback 0006
wrote 1f20655c <- 0008 was 0008, readback 0008
wrote 1f206564 <- 1000 was 1000, readback 1000
wrote 1f206550 <- 0000 was 0001, readback 0000
wrote 1f206550 <- 0001 was 0000, readback 0001
wrote 1f20442c <- 0001 was 0001, readback 0001
wrote 1f203ddc <- 0004 was 0004, readback 0004
wrote 1f203dd4 <- 4004 was 4004, readback 4004
wrote 1f203dd8 <- 0001 was 0001, readback 0001
wrote 1f203dc0 <- 0000 was 8000, readback 0000
wrote 1f203dc0 <- 8000 was 0000, readback 8000
delaying for 100
readback: 4277
mpll here!
mpll here xxxx!
checking 26f84528 26f84528
found parent at 0
mpll is already running
Core:  43 devices, 16 uclasses, devicetree: fit
WDT:   Started watchdog@6000 with servicing (60s timeout)
MMC:   MSC: 0
Loading Environment from UBI... set speed: 100000
set mode: 0
Volume env not found!

** Unable to read env from UBI:env **
In:    uart@221000
Out:   uart@221000
Err:   uart@221000
Net:   mstar pinctrl g 0, f 0
found selector
checking 26f85630 26f85630
found parent at 0
emac patches
rx ring 26fcdb40
eth0: emac@2a2000
Hit any key to stop autoboot:  0
Volume kernel not found!
Wrong Image Format for bootm command
ERROR: can't get kernel image!
=>

进入以后，我们就可以接下来先运行最小的 Linux 救援系统，进入系统后把各个部分镜像烧写到nand flash内。

2.运行内核系统

接下来我们需要通过网络tftp加载运行内核，或者通过串口下载并运行内核。

使用网络tftp方式下载(推荐)

首先我们需要先配置好 ubuntu系统的tftp 服务，并将我们之前编译好的 dongshanpione-kernel-rescue.fit 文件拷贝到配置好的 tftp 目录下，之后请记住，您的ubuntu host主机IP地址，参考下属命令运行，如下示例所示，我们的存放 kernel镜像的 ubuntu tftp服务器主机 IP地址是 192.168.1.133 ，你需要根据你的情况进行修改。

=> setenv loadaddr 0x22000000; dhcp 192.168.1.133:dongshanpione-kernel-rescue.fit;bootm 0x22000000#ssd202d-dongshanpione

执行完成后，它会自动从ubuntu的tftp目录下下载你的内核镜像文件，然后启动，类似如下打印消息输出

emac@2a2000: PHY present at 0
PHY reset timed out
phy power up
Doing phy power up
emac@2a2000: Starting autonegotiation...
emac@2a2000: Autonegotiation complete
emac@2a2000: link up, 100Mbps full-duplex (lpa: 0xcde1)
BOOTP broadcast 1
BOOTP broadcast 2
BOOTP broadcast 3
DHCP client bound to address 192.168.1.53 (793 ms)
Using emac@2a2000 device
TFTP from server 192.168.1.133; our IP address is 192.168.1.53
Filename 'dongshanpione-kernel-rescue.fit'.
Load address: 0x22000000
Loading: #################################################################
         #################################################################
         #################################################################
         #################################################################
         ######################################################
         3.4 MiB/s
done
Bytes transferred = 4607292 (464d3c hex)
## Loading kernel from FIT Image at 22000000 ...
   Using 'ssd202d-dongshanpione' configuration
   Trying 'kernel-0' kernel subimage
     Description:  unavailable
     Type:         Kernel Image
     Compression:  uncompressed
     Data Start:   0x220000a4
     Data Size:    3403824 Bytes = 3.2 MiB
     Architecture: ARM
     OS:           Linux
     Load Address: 0x21800000
     Entry Point:  0x21800000
     Hash algo:    crc32
     Hash value:   dc0ebb3a
     Hash algo:    sha1
     Hash value:   881943efc7cf947392bffd3ae624733f2507bd35
   Verifying Hash Integrity ... crc32+ sha1+ OK
## Loading ramdisk from FIT Image at 22000000 ...
   Using 'ssd202d-dongshanpione' configuration
   Trying 'ramdisk-0' ramdisk subimage
     Description:  unavailable
     Type:         RAMDisk Image
     Compression:  uncompressed
     Data Start:   0x2234c650
     Data Size:    1147180 Bytes = 1.1 MiB
     Architecture: ARM
     OS:           Linux
     Load Address: unavailable
     Entry Point:  unavailable
     Hash algo:    crc32
     Hash value:   c40c3d1c
     Hash algo:    sha1
     Hash value:   702d8f01c746bdfbfcaebd4572b95ecf32e3bf7c
   Verifying Hash Integrity ... crc32+ sha1+ OK
## Loading fdt from FIT Image at 22000000 ...
   Using 'ssd202d-dongshanpione' configuration
   Trying 'fdt-1' fdt subimage
     Description:  unavailable
     Type:         Flat Device Tree
     Compression:  uncompressed
     Data Start:   0x22345c04
     Data Size:    27001 Bytes = 26.4 KiB
     Architecture: ARM
     Hash algo:    crc32
     Hash value:   4ed1ac67
     Hash algo:    sha1
     Hash value:   6209734a29f8a3c9f2ba1329135358d6bbda62d4
   Verifying Hash Integrity ... crc32+ sha1+ OK
   Booting using the fdt blob at 0x22345c04
   Loading Kernel Image
   Loading Ramdisk to 26e64000, end 26f7c12c ... OK
   Loading Device Tree to 26e5a000, end 26e63978 ... OK

Starting kernel ...

[    0.000000] Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0
[    0.000000] Linux version 5.17.0 (buildroot@buildroot) (arm-buildroot-linux-musleabihf-gcc.br_real (Buildroot 2022.02-349-g1506ff275b) 11.2.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.37) #1 SMP Mon Mar 28 12:29:22 UTC 2022

等待启动后可以输如用户名 root进入系统。

使用串口协议发送

对于没有网络或者环境不方便的同学，可以在u-boot下使用串口协议进行传输 kernel 镜像，此方法传输非常慢，不建议使用。我们只需要在 u-boot 命令行下输入如下命令，之后将次串口终端断开，重新创建一个波特率为 460800 的串口终端，之后根据提示使用 Z-modem 命令进行传输文件。
```
setenv loadaddr 0x22000000; loady ${loadaddr} 460800; bootm
```

传输完成后，根据提示，断开当前串口终端，之后切换回原来的 115200 波特率终端，按下键盘 ESC键，即可自动加载启动系统。启动信息类似上述logo。

3.烧写系统至flash

根据上述操作我们已经进入到 kernel的救援系统内，之后继续进行如下操作将我们编译好的系统镜像烧录至板载的 Nandflash 芯片内。

1.格式化创建分区

如下命令所示，需要首先格式化Nandflash 并创建各个部分的镜像分区。

ubiformat /dev/mtd1
ubiattach -m 1
ubimkvol /dev/ubi0 -N uboot -s 1MiB -t static
ubimkvol /dev/ubi0 -N env -s 256KiB
ubimkvol /dev/ubi0 -N kernel -s 16MiB
ubimkvol /dev/ubi0 -N rescue -s 16MiB
ubimkvol /dev/ubi0 -N rootfs -m

2.拷贝并烧写

我们可以使用nfs网络挂载的方式，进行拷贝烧写这些文件。
```
mount -t nfs -o nolock 192.168.1.133:/home/book/nfs_rootfs /mnt 
```

1.烧写救援系统

烧写u-boot镜像

ubiupdatevol /dev/ubi0_0 dongshanpione-u-boot.img

烧写救援kernel镜像

ubiupdatevol /dev/ubi0_3 dongshanpione-kernel-rescue.fit

烧写完成后，重新复位，进入uboot命令行，执行如下命令设置启动参数,即可自动从刚才烧写好的分区加载救援系统镜像并启动。

setenv loadaddr 0x22000000; ubi readvol ${loadaddr} rescue 0x800000; bootm

2.烧写内核和根文件系统

烧写正常的kernel镜像文件

ubiupdatevol /dev/ubi0_2 dongshanpione-kernel.fit

烧写根文件系统

ubiupdatevol /dev/ubi0_4 dongshanpione-rootfs.squashfs

在uboot下设置启动参数，并保存到env内，之后我们就可以无需任何操作完整的从系统启动了。

setenv bootargs console=ttyS0,115200 ubi.mtd=1 ubi.block=0,4 root=/dev/ubiblock0_4 clk_ignore_unused
setenv bootcmd 'setenv loadaddr 0x22000000; ubi readvol ${loadaddr} kernel 0x800000; bootm ${loadaddr}#ssd202d-dongshanpione'